How does bed temperature influence warping in MJF printing?

In MJF (Multi Jet Fusion) printing, maintaining a consistent and optimal bed temperature is crucial for minimizing warping. Warping occurs due to uneven cooling and the resulting thermal stresses within the printed part. The bed temperature in MJF helps to control the overall temperature of the powder bed, ensuring that the parts cool down slowly and uniformly after sintering. If the bed temperature is too low, the parts will cool too rapidly, leading to significant temperature gradients between different sections of the part. These temperature gradients create internal stresses that can cause the part to warp or distort. Conversely, if the bed temperature is too high, it can lead to excessive sintering and clumping of the powder, also potentially causing warping. Therefore, the optimal bed temperature is carefully controlled to provide a balanced cooling rate, minimizing thermal stresses and ensuring dimensional accuracy. This often involves a gradual cooling process within the build chamber after the printing is complete.