Atherosclerosis is a complex and progressive vascular disease characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances within the walls of arteries. This process leads to the formation of plaque, causing narrowing and hardening of the arteries. Atherosclerosis has a significant impact on cardiovascular health and can result in various complications.
Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis:
1. Initiation: The process begins with damage to the inner layer (endothelium) of an artery, often caused by factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, and inflammation. This damage allows lipids, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, to infiltrate the arterial wall.
2. Inflammation and Lipid Accumulation: In response to the endothelial damage, white blood cells (monocytes) are attracted to the site. These cells engulf the LDL cholesterol, transforming into foam cells. The accumulation of foam cells, lipids, and inflammatory cells forms fatty streaks within the arterial wa....
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