What specific sensor data do collaborative robots (cobots) use to maintain safe physical interaction with human workers?

Collaborative robots, or cobots, utilize a combination of internal and external sensor data to ensure safe human interaction. The primary method is power and force limiting, which relies on internal joint torque sensors. These sensors measure the resistance or pressure encountered by each robot joint, allowing the robot to detect a collision if the actual force exceeds a pre-programmed threshold, triggering an immediate stop. Cobots also use mo....