When applying FRP composites to strengthen concrete beams, what failure mode is directly addressed by increasing the amount of FRP reinforcement?

When applying Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites to strengthen concrete beams, increasing the amount of FRP reinforcement directly addresses and mitigates the risk of *FRP ruptureas a primary failure mode. FRP materials are used to enhance the flexural or shear capacity of concrete beams. If insufficient FRP reinforcement is provided, the FRP itself can reach its tensile strength and rupture before the concrete reaches its full compressive capacity or before the steel reinforcement yields significantly. This FRP rupture is a brittle failure mode, meaning it occurs suddenly without warning, and it prevents the beam from achieving its full potential strength and ductility. By increasing the amount of FRP reinforcement (i.e., adding more layers or using a higher-strength FRP), the tensile stress in the FRP is reduced for a given applied load, increasing the safety margin against FRP rupture. This allows the concrete to reach higher compressive strains or the steel reinforcement to yield more extensively, leading to a more ductile and predictable failure mode, such as concrete crushing or steel yielding, which are generally preferred in seismic design. While adequate FRP also helps prevent other failure modes like concrete cover delamination, increasing the FRP quantity is most directly linked to preventing FRP rupture.