What is the primary purpose of validating a finite element model with experimental data?

The primary purpose of validating a finite element model (FEM) with experimental data is to assess and improve the model's accuracy and reliability in predicting the real-world behavior of the structure or component it represents. Validation involves comparing the results obtained from the FEM analysis with corresponding measurements obtained from physical experiments, such as laboratory tests or field observations. This comparison helps to identify any discrepancies between the model's predictions and the actual behavior of the structure. By comparing results like displacements, stresses, frequencies, or failure modes, engineers can determine if the model accurately captures the key physical phenomena governing the structure's response. If significant discrepancies are found, the model needs to be refined by adjusting parameters such as material properties, boundary conditions, element types, or mesh density. The validation process helps to ensure that the FEM model is a reliable tool for predicting the structure's performance under various loading conditions, providing confidence in the model's results and enabling informed design decisions. A validated model can then be used for parametric studies, optimization, and other analyses with greater confidence than an unvalidated model.