Explain how latitude and longitude are used to define a specific point in space for aviation.

Latitude and longitude are used to define a specific point in space for aviation by creating a coordinate system that uniquely identifies any location on the Earth's surface. Latitude measures the angular distance, in degrees, minutes, and seconds, north or south of the Equator, which is designated as 0 degrees latitude. Lines of constant latitude are called parallels and run east-west around the Earth. The North Pole is at 90 degrees north latitude, and the South Pole is at 90 degrees south latitude. Longitude measures the angular distance, in degrees, minutes, and seconds, east or west of the Prime Meridian, which is designated as 0 degrees longitude and passes through Greenwich, England. Lines of constant longitude are called meridians and run north-south, converging at the poles. A location's longitude is specified as either east or west of the Prime Meridian, up to 180 degrees in each direction. By combining a latitude and longitude coordinate, a specific point on the Earth's surface can be uniquely identified. For example, an airport might be located at 34 degrees 03 minutes 15 seconds North latitude and 118 degrees 14 minutes 23 seconds West longitude. This precise coordinate pinpoints the airport's exact location on the globe. These coordinates are used in flight planning, navigation systems, and air traffic control to define routes, waypoints, and airspace boundaries. Aircraft navigation systems, such as GPS, use latitude and longitude to determine the aircraft's position and guide it along its intended flight path. Air traffic controllers use latitude and longitude to track aircraft, issue clearances, and maintain separation. Therefore, latitude and longitude provide a standardized and precise method for defining locations in aviation, essential for safe and efficient air travel.