How does air entering a hydraulic system affect its performance?

Air entering a hydraulic system significantly reduces its performance due to the compressibility of air compared to hydraulic fluid. Hydraulic systems rely on the incompressibility of the fluid to transmit force efficiently. When air is present, it compresses under pressure, creating a spongy feel in the system. This compressibility diminishes the system's ability to respond quickly and accurately to commands. Specifically, it can cause sluggish or erratic movement of hydraulic actuators, reduced force output, and a general loss of precision. Air in the system can also lead to cavitation, where air bubbles implode under pressure, causing damage to hydraulic components such as pumps and valves. The presence of air can also accelerate the oxidation of the hydraulic fluid, leading to its degradation and reducing its lubricating properties. Therefore, it is crucial to eliminate air from hydraulic systems through proper bleeding procedures to maintain optimal performance and prevent damage to the equipment.