What is the time complexity of BFS and DFS graph traversal algorithms?

Breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS) are two commonly used graph traversal algorithms used to explore all the vertices in a graph. The time complexity of both algorithms depends on the size of the graph and the structure of the graph. BFS Algorithm: Breadth-first search (BFS) is a graph traversal algorithm that starts at a given vertex and explores all the vertices at the same level before moving on to the next level. In other words, BFS explores the vertices in layers, starting at the root vertex and moving across the breadth of the graph. The time complexity of BFS is O(V+E), where V is the number of vertices and E is the number of edges in the graph. This is because BFS visits each vertex and each edge in the graph exactly once. At each level of the graph, BFS visits all the vertices adjacent to the current vertex, which takes O(E) time. Since BFS visits all the vertices in the graph, the time complexity is proportional to V+E. DFS Algor....