Breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS) are two commonly used graph traversal algorithms used to explore all the vertices in a graph. Both algorithms have different approaches to traversing the graph and are useful in different scenarios.
BFS Algorithm:
Breadth-first search (BFS) is a graph traversal algorithm that starts at a given vertex and explores all the vertices at the same level before moving on to the next level. In other words, BFS explores the vertices in layers, starting at the root vertex and moving across the breadth of the graph.
The key steps of the BFS algorithm are:
1. Start at a given vertex.
2. Add the vertices adjacent to the current vertex to a queue.
3. Dequeue the next vertex in the queue and add its adjacent vertices to the queue.
4. Repeat step 3 until all vertices have been visited.
BFS is useful when searching for the shortest path between two vertices, as it guarantees that the shortest path will be found first. It is also useful when explor....
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