What is dynamic programming and how is it used to solve complex problems?

Dynamic programming is a technique used to solve complex problems by breaking them down into smaller subproblems and solving each subproblem only once. The solutions to the subproblems are stored in a table or cache and can be used to solve larger problems. Dynamic programming is often used in optimization problems where the goal is to find the best solution among a large number of possible solutions. The key steps involved in dynamic programming are: 1. Breaking down the problem into smaller subproblems: The problem is broken down into smaller subproblems that can be solved independently. 2. Storing the solutions to the subproblems: The solutions to the subproblems are stored in a table or cache so that they can be reused when needed. 3. Combining the solutions to the subproblems: The solutions to the subproblems are combined to solve the original problem. Dynamic programming is used to solve a wide ra....