What is memoization and how does it relate to dynamic programming?

Memoization is a technique used in dynamic programming to optimize the time complexity of a problem by storing the results of expensive function calls and reusing them when the same inputs occur again. Memoization is a form of caching that speeds up the computations by avoiding redundant computations and reusing previously computed results. The key steps involved in memoization are: 1. Check if the result is already computed: Before computing the result, check if the result has already been computed and stored in a cache. 2. Compute the result if not already computed: If the result is not already computed, compute it and store it in the cache. 3. Return the result: Return the computed result. Memoiza....