Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique for State of Health (SOH) estimation because it provides detailed information about the battery's internal electrochemical processes. However, the accuracy of EIS-based SOH estimation is significantly affected by temperature variations. Therefore, careful consideration of temperature effects is crucial for reliable SOH assessment. EIS involves applying a small AC voltage signal to the battery over a range of frequencies and measuring the resulting current response. The impedance, which is the ratio of voltage to current, is then plotted as a function of frequency. The resulting EIS spectrum provides information about the battery's internal resistance, capacitance, and inductance, which are all related to its SOH. For example, the charge transfer resistance, which represents the kinetic limitations of electrochemical reactions, typically increases as the battery de....
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