Certain battery faults pose immediate risks to safety and require immediate intervention by the Battery Management System (BMS) to prevent catastrophic failure or hazardous conditions. These faults include overvoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, short circuits, and cell voltage imbalances exceeding safe limits. Overvoltage occurs when a battery cell or module is charged above its maximum allowable voltage. This can lead to electrolyte decomposition, gas generation, and thermal runaway. The BMS must immediately stop the charging process and potentially disconnect the cell or module to prevent further voltage increase. Overcurrent occurs when the battery is subjected to a discharge or charge current that exceeds its maximum allowable limit. This can cause overh....
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