Distributed cell balancing architectures in large battery packs offer several critical advantages over centralized architectures, primarily improved balancing speed, reduced wiring complexity, enhanced fault tolerance, and better scalability. In a centralized cell balancing architecture, a single balancing unit is responsible for balancing all the cells in the battery pack. This unit is typically located in the Battery Management System (BMS) and is connected to each cell through a network of wires. While this approach is relatively simple to implement, it suffers from several limitations in large battery packs. Balancing speed is limited in a centralized architecture because the balancing unit must sequentially balance each cell, which can be time-consuming in a large pack with many cells. Distributed architectures overcome this limita....
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