Temperature dependence significantly affects the accuracy of parameter estimation in equivalent circuit models (ECMs) because the electrochemical processes within a battery are highly sensitive to temperature variations. ECMs use electrical components like resistors, capacitors, and voltage sources to mimic the battery's behavior. The values of these components, or 'parameters', change with temperature, which impacts the model's ability to accurately predict battery performance. For example, the internal resistance of a battery, represented by a resistor in the ECM, typically decreases as temperature increases due to enhanced ion mobility in the electrolyte. Similarly, the charge transfer resistance, which represents the kinetic limitations of electrochemical reactions at the electrodes, ....
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