Residual analysis is a key component of model-based fault detection in battery systems because it allows for the identification of discrepancies between the battery's actual behavior and the behavior predicted by a mathematical model. These discrepancies, or residuals, can indicate the presence of faults within the battery system. In model-based fault detection, a mathematical model of the battery is used to predict the battery's behavior under normal operating conditions. This model typically includes equations that describe the battery's voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge (SOC). The model is parameterized using known values for the battery's physical properties, such as its internal resistance, capacity, and thermal conductivity. The residuals are calculated as the difference between ....
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