Non-uniform temperature distributions inside a battery pack can significantly affect overall performance and safety due to the temperature-sensitive nature of battery electrochemistry and degradation mechanisms. These temperature variations can lead to cell-to-cell inconsistencies, accelerated degradation, and increased risk of thermal runaway. Performance is affected because each cell in a battery pack operates at a different temperature, leading to variations in voltage, capacity, and internal resistance. Cells at higher temperatures typically have lower internal resistance and higher capacity, while cells at lower temperatures have higher internal resistance and lower capacity. These differences can lead to imbalances in the pack, where some cells are overcharged or over-discharged before others, reducing the pack's overall usable capacity and power output. For example, if some cells are significan....
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