The primary disadvantage of passive cell balancing compared to active cell balancing is its inherent energy inefficiency, as it dissipates excess energy from stronger cells as heat rather than transferring it to weaker cells. Cell balancing is necessary in battery packs to ensure that all cells operate within their safe voltage limits and to maximize the pack's overall capacity and lifespan. In a battery pack, cells can have slight differences in capacity, internal resistance, and self-discharge rates due to manufacturing tolerances or variations in operating conditions. These differences can lead to voltage imbalances during charging and discharging, where some cells become fully charged or fully discharged before others. Passive cell balancing address....
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