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Home → All Courses → Engineering and Technology Courses → Alternative Fuel Vehicle Technician Certification → Flashcard

Discuss the fuel delivery systems in alternative fuel vehicles and their operation.



Alternative fuel vehicles require specialized fuel delivery systems to deliver the alternative fuel to the engine or energy conversion system. Here are the fuel delivery systems used in different types of alternative fuel vehicles and their operation:

1. Electric Vehicles (EVs):

* Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs): BEVs do not have a traditional fuel delivery system since they solely rely on the stored energy in the battery pack. The energy is delivered to the electric motor via the vehicle's power electronics and wiring harness.
2. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs):

* FCVs use a fuel delivery system specifically designed to deliver hydrogen gas to the fuel cell stack. The fuel delivery system consists of the following components:
+ Hydrogen Storage: Hydrogen is stored onboard the vehicle either as compressed hydrogen gas (in high-pressure tanks) or as cryogenic liquid hydrogen (in insulated tanks).
+ Hydrogen Injector: The hydrogen injector regulates the flow of hydrogen from the storage tank to the fuel cell stack.
+ Fuel Cell Stack: Hydrogen gas is fed into the fuel cell stack, where it reacts with oxygen from the air to produce electricity through an electrochemical process.
+ Air Supply: An air supply system provides the necessary oxygen to the fuel cell stack for the chemical reaction to occur.
3. Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs):

* Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicles: CNG vehicles use a fuel delivery system that involves the following components:


+ CNG Storage: Natural gas is stored in high-pressure cylinders onboard the vehicle. These cylinders are designed to withstand the high pressure required to store the compressed gas.
+ Pressure Regulator: The pressure regulator reduces the high pressure from the storage cylinders to a lower, regulated pressure before delivering the natural gas to the engine.
+ Injector System: The injector system injects the regulated natural gas into the engine's combustion chamber for combustion.
* Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Vehicles: LNG vehicles utilize a fuel delivery system similar to CNG vehicles up to a certain point. However, LNG is stored as a cryogenic liquid at very low temperatures. The LNG fuel is then vaporized and converted back into gas form before being injected into the engine.
4. Biofuel Vehicles:

* Ethanol Vehicles (E85): Ethanol vehicles require a modified fuel delivery system compared to traditional gasoline vehicles. The system includes components such as fuel lines, fuel injectors, and fuel sensors that are specifically designed to handle the corrosive nature of ethanol fuel.
* Biodiesel Vehicles: Biodiesel vehicles typically use the same fuel delivery system as diesel vehicles. However, certain modifications may be required to accommodate the different properties of biodiesel fuel, such as changes in fuel lines and fuel filters.

These fuel delivery systems in alternative fuel vehicles are designed to safely and efficiently deliver the specific alternative fuel to the engine or energy conversion system. They play a crucial role in the operation of the vehicles, ensuring that the alternative fuel is delivered in the right quantity and at the appropriate pressure to support combustion or energy conversion processes.