Intertextuality, the relationship between texts, plays a crucial role in shaping the meaning and interpretation of modern Arabic poems. It refers to the way a text's meaning is influenced and shaped by other texts. Modern Arabic poems, like poems in any tradition, rarely exist in isolation; they often engage in dialogue with earlier literary works, historical events, cultural symbols, and other forms of discourse. This engagement can take various forms, significantly impacting how the poem is understood. One common form of intertextuality is *allusion*, where the poet makes a direct or indirect reference to another text, event, or figure. These allusions can enrich the poem's meaning by adding layers of historical, cultural, or literary significance. For ....
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