What are the distinguishing characteristics of 'al-saj'' (السجع) in Arabic prose, and how does it differ from rhyme in poetry?

'Al-saj'' (السجع), often translated as 'rhymed prose' or 'assonance', is a stylistic device in Arabic prose characterized by the use of words that share a similar ending sound or pattern. It aims to create a musical or rhythmic effect, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of the text. Several characteristics distinguish 'al-saj'' from other forms of prose. First, it involves a *deliberate and patterned repetitionof soundsat the end of phrases or sentences. This repetition creates a sense of rhythm and harmony, making the prose more pleasing to the ear. Second, 'al-saj'' is typically used in *short, concise phrasesor sentences. It is not usually sustained over long passages, as this can become monotonous or distracting. Third, the *sound patternsin 'al-saj'' are often based on both rhyme (identical sounds) and assonance (similar vowel sounds). The degree of similarity can vary, but the overall effect is to create a sense of sonic cohesion. Fourth, 'al-saj'' is often used in conjunction with other *rhetorical devices,such as parallelism and antithesis, to further enhance the impact of the prose. While 'al-saj'' shares similarities with rhyme in poetry (قافية), there are key differences. The most important difference is the *structure in which they appear. Rhyme in poetry is a structural element, typically occurring at the end of each line or verse, and adhering to a strict metrical pattern (وزن). 'Al-saj'', in contrast, is a stylistic device used in prose, and it does not adhere to any fixed metrical structure. It is used more freely and flexibly to create a pleasing sonic effect. Furthermore, rhyme in poetry is often *more regular and predictablethan 'al-saj'' in prose. Poetic rhyme schemes are often established at the beginning of the poem and maintained throughout, while 'al-saj'' in prose can be more sporadic and varied. 'Al-saj'' is used to embellish the prose, and create a specific feeling and musicality through the text, unlike rhyme which serves the structure of the poetic piece. The use of rhyme and repetition helps to emphasize certain key points to make the message more memorable. A simple example is 'الصوم جنة و الفوز منة' (al-sawmu junnatun wal fawzu minnatun) where the words have similar endings, although, like with poetry, the Arabic is more involved than simple translation conveys. These differences make 'al-saj'' a distinct stylistic device that is used to enhance the aesthetic appeal of Arabic prose.