How would you evaluate the load-carrying capacity of a bridge after a buckling event?

Evaluating the load-carrying capacity of a bridge after a buckling event requires a multi-step process. First, a thorough visual inspection is crucial to identify the extent and location of the buckling damage, noting which members are affected and the severity of the deformation. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, such as ultrasonic testing or radiography, may be used to check for internal cracks or other damage in the buckled members. A detailed structural analysis, often using finite element analysis (FEA), is then performed to assess the remaining strength of the damaged members and the overall stability of the bridge. This analysis takes into account the reduced cross-sectional area due to buckling and any material yielding that may have occurred. Load testing, either static or dynamic, can be used to verify the results of the structural analysis and to directly measure the bridge's response to applied loads. Finally, a load rating calculation is performed, considering the reduced capacity of the damaged members, to determine the safe load-carrying capacity of the bridge after the buckling event. This may result in a reduced load posting or the need for immediate repairs.