What is the critical difference between selective attention and divided attention?

The critical difference between selective attention and divided attention lies in the allocation of attentional resources. Selective attention involves focusing on one specific stimulus or task while filtering out other irrelevant stimuli. It is a process of concentrating on what is important and ignoring distractions. For example, reading a book in a noisy cafe involves selective attention, where you focus on the text while filtering out the surrounding conversations. Divided attention, on the other hand, involves attempting to attend to multiple stimuli or tasks simultaneously. It requires splitting attentional resources between different activities. For example, talking on the phone while driving requires divided attention, as you are trying to process auditory information from the phone conversation while also visually monitoring the road. While selective attention aims to maximize focus on a single task, divided attention inevitably results in reduced performance on each of the attended tasks due to limited attentional capacity. Effectively, selective attention is about prioritizing a single task, while divided attention is about attempting to handle multiple tasks concurrently, typically with a cost to performance.