How do you integrate Go applications with databases? Explain the process and provide examples.

Integrating Go applications with databases is a common requirement in many projects. Go provides several libraries and packages that simplify working with databases, allowing developers to establish connections, perform database operations, and handle data efficiently. Let's explore the process of integrating Go applications with databases and provide examples using the popular database/sql package:

1. Importing Database Driver:

* To connect to a specific database, you need to import the corresponding driver package. Each database has its own driver package that implements the necessary functionality for Go applications to interact with that particular database.Example:

```
go`import (
"database/sql"
_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql" // Import MySQL driver
)`
```
2. Establishing Database Connection:

* Once you have imported the appropriate driver, you can establish a connection to the database using the driver-specific connection parameters, such as host, port, username, password, and database name.
* The `sql.Open` function is used to create a database connection pool.Example:

```
go`func main() {
db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "user:password@tcp(localhost:3306)/database")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer db.Close()
}`
```
3. Executing Database Queries:

* The `db.Exec` or `db.Query` functions are used to execute SQL queries against the database. These functions accept the SQL query as a string and return a `sql.Result` or `sql.Rows` object, respectively, representing the query result.Example (Insert Query):

```
go`func insertUser(db sql.DB, name string, age int) error {
query := "INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)"
_, err := db.Exec(query, name, age)
return err
}`
```
Example (Select Query):

```
go`func getUsers(db sql.DB) ([]User, error) {
query := "SELECT name, age FROM users"
rows, err := db.Query(query)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
defer rows.Close()

var users []User
for rows.Next() {
var user User
err := rows.Scan(&user.Name, &user.Age)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
users = append(users, user)
}
return users, nil
}`
```
4. Handling Database Transactions:

* Go's database/sql package supports transactions for executing a series of database operations as an atomic unit.
* The `db.Begin` function is used to start a transaction, and the `tx.Commit` or `tx.Rollback` methods are used to finalize or discard the transaction, respectively.Example:

```
go`func transferFunds(db sql.DB, senderID, receiverID int, amount float64) error {
tx, err := db.Begin()
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer func() {
if err != nil {
tx.Rollback()
} else {
tx.Commit()
}
}()

// Perform debit and credit operations
_, err = tx.Exec("UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - ? WHERE id = ?", amount, senderID)
if err != nil {
return err
}
_, err = tx.Exec("UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + ? WHERE id = ?", amount, receiverID)
if err != nil {
return err
}

return nil
}`
```
5. Handling Database Errors:

* It's essential to handle errors when