Functional programming is a programming paradigm that revolves around the concept of treating computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions. It is based on a set of key principles that guide the design and implementation of programs, with an emphasis on immutability, pure functions, higher-order functions, function composition, recursion, referential transparency, lazy evaluation, and a strong type system.
1. Immutability: In functional programming, data is immutable, meaning it cannot be changed after it is created. Instead of modifying existing data, functional programs create new data structures. This promotes clarity, simplifies reasoning about code, and helps prevent bugs related to mutable state.
2. Pure Functions: A pure function is a function that always produces the same output for a given input and has no side effects. It operates solely on its input parameters and does not modify external state. Pure functions are deterministic, which means they provide predictable and reliable results. They are easier to test, reason about, and p....
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