Define the concept of adjective agreement in Hindi and provide examples.
In Hindi, adjective agreement refers to the grammatical agreement between adjectives and the nouns they modify. It ensures that adjectives align with the gender, number, and case of the noun they are describing. Adjective agreement is crucial for maintaining proper syntax and conveying accurate information. Let's explore the concept of adjective agreement in Hindi with examples:
1. Gender Agreement:
Adjectives in Hindi must agree in gender with the nouns they modify. Here are some examples:
* Feminine Gender:
+ सुंदर लड़की (sundar ladki) - beautiful girl
+ ऊँची इमारत (oongchi imarat) - tall building
* Masculine Gender:
+ अच्छा लड़का (accha ladka) - good boy
+ तेज़ दौड़नेवाला (tez daudnevala) - fast runner
2. Number Agreement:
Adjectives in Hindi must agree in number with the nouns they modify. Here are examples of singular and plural forms:
* Singular:
+ छोटी किताब (chhoti kitaab) - small book
+ गर्म चाय (garm chai) - hot tea
* Plural:
+ छोटी किताबें (chhoti kitaaben) - small books
+ गर्म चायें (garm chayen) - hot teas
3. Case Agreement:
Adjectives in Hindi must also agree with the case of the noun they modify. The case determines the function of the noun in a sentence. Here are examples of adjectives agreeing with the case of the noun:
* Nominative Case:
+ वह सुंदर है। (vah sundar hai) - She is beautiful.
+ वह अच्छा खिलाड़ी है। (vah accha khiladi hai) - He is a good player.
* Accusative Case:
+ मैंने उसे सुंदर देखा। (maine use sundar dekha) - I saw her beautiful.
+ मैंने उसे अच्छे खिलाड़ी के रूप में देखा। (maine use acche khiladi ke roop mein dekha) - I saw him as a good player.
* Instrumental Case:
+ मैं उसके साथ सुंदर हूँ। (main uske saath sundar hoon) - I am beautiful with her.
+ मैं उसके साथ अच्छा खिलाड़ी हूँ। (main uske saath accha khiladi hoon) - I am a good player with him.
Adjective agreement is essential for maintaining grammatical harmony in Hindi sentences. It ensures that the adjective aligns with the gender, number, and case of the noun it modifies, allowing for clear and accurate communication.