How would you handle concurrency issues in Java? Explain the use of synchronization and locks.

Concurrency issues arise when multiple threads access shared resources concurrently, leading to unpredictable and potentially incorrect behavior. Java provides several mechanisms to handle concurrency and ensure thread safety. Two commonly used techniques are synchronization and locks. Synchronization is a built-in feature in Java that allows only one thread to access a synchronized block or method at a time. It ensures that shared resources are accessed in a mutually exclusive manner, preventing data races and inconsistent states. The synchronized keyword can be applied to methods or blocks to achieve synchronization. When a method is declared as synchronized, only one thread can execute that method at a time. This ensures that concurrent access to the shared resources inside the method is properly synchronized. For example: ``` java`public synchronized void incrementCounter() { // Access and modify shared variables counter++; }` ``` Alternatively, synchronization can be achieved using synchronized blocks, where a specific block of code is enclosed within synchronized ....