How does Java handle exceptions? Provide an example of exception handling in Java.

In Java, exceptions are used to handle runtime errors and exceptional conditions that may occur during the execution of a program. Java provides a robust exception handling mechanism that allows developers to gracefully handle and recover from such errors. Here's an in-depth explanation of how Java handles exceptions and an example of exception handling: 1. Exception Hierarchy: Java has a built-in hierarchy of exception classes, with the base class being `java.lang.Throwable`. The hierarchy is divided into two main types of exceptions: checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. Checked exceptions (e.g., `IOException`, `SQLException`) must be explicitly handled or declared, while unchecked exceptions (e.g., `NullPointerException`, `ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException`) do not require explicit handling. 2. Try-Catch Block: Exception handling in Java involves the use of try-catch blocks. The code that may throw an exception is enclosed within a try block, and the possible exceptions are caugh....