In JavaScript, event bubbling and event capturing are two mechanisms that describe how events propagate through the DOM (Document Object Model) hierarchy. These mechanisms determine the order in which event handlers are invoked when multiple elements are nested inside each other and an event occurs.
1. Event Bubbling:
Event bubbling is the default behavior in most web browsers. When an event is triggered on an element, such as a click event, the event starts at the target element and then bubbles up through its parent elements in the DOM hierarchy, all the way up to the root of the document. This means that the event is first handled by the innermost element and then successively propagated to its parent elements.
For example, consider a scenario where you have a `<div>` element nested inside another `<div>`, and both have click event handlers attached:
```
html`<div id="outer">
<div id="inner"></div>
</div>`
```
```
javascript`document.getElementById('outer').addEventListener('click', function() {
console.log('Outer div clicked');
});
document.getElementById('i....
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