Discuss the concept of null safety in Kotlin and how it helps prevent null pointer exceptions.

In Kotlin, null safety is a fundamental feature that addresses one of the most common issues in programming: null pointer exceptions (NPEs). Kotlin's null safety is designed to provide a more reliable and robust approach to handling null values, thereby reducing the risk of NPEs. Let's delve into the concept of null safety in Kotlin and how it helps prevent null pointer exceptions. 1. Nullable and Non-Nullable Types: In Kotlin, types are explicitly distinguished between nullable and non-nullable. By default, variables in Kotlin are non-nullable, meaning they cannot hold null values. To explicitly allow a variable to hold null, you must declare it as nullable by appending a `?` to the type. For example, `String?` indicates that the variable can either hold a non-null string or a null value. 2. Safe Calls and Elvis Operator: Kotlin provides safe call (`?.`) and Elvis opera....