Discuss Lua's error handling mechanism and the different types of exceptions that can occur during program execution. Provide an example of how to handle an exception in Lua.

Lua provides a robust error handling mechanism that allows programmers to handle exceptions and errors that may occur during program execution. The error handling mechanism in Lua revolves around the concept of error propagation using the `pcall` function, which stands for "protected call." This mechanism helps prevent program crashes and allows for graceful handling of errors. In Lua, there are two types of exceptions that can occur during program execution: 1. Runtime Errors: Runtime errors are unexpected errors that occur during the execution of Lua code. These errors can be caused by various factors, such as invalid operations, calling nonexistent functions, dividing by zero, or referencing nil values. Examples of runtime errors include "attempt to perform arithmetic on a nil value" or "attempt to call a nil value." 2. User-Defined Errors: User-defined errors are errors intentionally thrown by the programmer to signal ....