Explain the concepts of inheritance and polymorphism in Perl's OOP.

In Perl's object-oriented programming (OOP), inheritance and polymorphism are fundamental concepts that enable code reuse, modularity, and flexibility. Let's delve into each concept in detail:

1. Inheritance:

* Inheritance is a mechanism where a class (child class) can inherit properties (attributes and methods) from another class (parent class).
* In Perl, classes can participate in single inheritance, meaning a child class can have only one parent class. However, Perl provides ways to emulate multiple inheritance using modules.
* The child class extends the parent class by inheriting its attributes and methods, which can be used directly or overridden in the child class.
* Inheritance allows for the reuse of existing code and promotes the concept of an "is-a" relationship, where a child class is a specialized version of the parent class.
* In Perl, inheritance is declared using the `use base` or `use parent` keywords followed by the parent class name.
* Example:
```
perl`package ParentClass;

sub method1 {
# Parent class method implementation
}

package ChildClass;
use parent 'ParentClass';

sub method2 {
# Child class method implementation
}`
```
2. Polymorphism:

* Polymorphism is the ability of objects of different classes to respond to the same message or method invocation in different ways.
* In Perl, polymorphism is achieved through method overriding and dynamic binding.
* Method overriding allows a child class to provide its own implementation of a method inherited from the parent class. When a method is invoked on an object, Perl dynamically resolves the appropriate implementation based on the object's class.
* Polymorphism promotes code flexibility and extensibility by allowing different classes to exhibit varying behavior while adhering to a common interface.
* Example:


```
perl`package ParentClass;

sub method1 {
# Parent class method implementation
}

package ChildClass;
use parent 'ParentClass';

sub method1 {
# Child class overrides the parent class method
}`
```
* With polymorphism, objects of the child class can be treated as objects of the parent class, allowing for code that is more generic and adaptable to different object types.

In summary, inheritance allows for the reuse and extension of code, while polymorphism enables objects of different classes to respond to the same method invocation in different ways. These concepts are crucial in Perl's OOP paradigm as they promote code modularity, maintainability, and the creation of flexible and scalable applications.