The indirect method of preparing a statement of cash flows starts with net income and adjusts it to arrive at cash flow from operating activities. Here's a breakdown of the process, including adjustments for non-cash transactions and changes in working capital:
1. Start with Net Income: Begin with the net income reported on the income statement.
2. Adjust for Non-Cash Items: Non-cash transactions, which don't involve the exchange of actual cash, are added back or subtracted from net income. Common examples include:
Depreciation and Amortization: These expenses are deducted on the income statement but don't involve cash outflow. They are added back to net income.
Gains or Losses on Sale of Fixed Assets: Gains are subtracted, and losses are added back.
Changes in Deferred Revenue: Increases in deferred revenue represent cash received but not yet earned, so they are subtracted. Decreases are added back.
3. Adjust for Changes in Working Capital: Working capital represents current assets minus current liabilities. Changes ....
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