Discuss the role of control structures in R programming and provide examples of conditional statements and loops.

Control structures in R programming are essential for controlling the flow of execution in a program. They allow you to make decisions and repeat actions based on certain conditions. Control structures enable you to write dynamic and flexible code that can handle various scenarios. Let's discuss the role of control structures and provide examples of conditional statements and loops in R:

1. Conditional Statements:
Conditional statements, such as if-else and switch, are used to execute different blocks of code based on specific conditions. They allow you to control the program's behavior and make decisions.

* if-else statement:
The if-else statement evaluates a condition and executes different code blocks based on whether the condition is true or false. Here's an example:


```
R`x <- 10
if (x > 5) {
print("x is greater than 5")
} else {
print("x is less than or equal to 5")
}`
```
* switch statement:
The switch statement provides multiple choices based on a specified value. It allows you to execute different code blocks based on the value of an expression. Here's an example:


```
R`day <- 3
switch(day,
"1" = print("Monday"),
"2" = print("Tuesday"),
"3" = print("Wednesday"),
"4" = print("Thursday"),
"5" = print("Friday"),
print("Invalid day")
)`
```
2. Loops:
Loops allow you to repeat a block of code multiple times until a specific condition is met. They are useful for iterating over data structures, performing repetitive tasks, and automating processes.

* for loop:
The for loop executes a block of code a fixed number of times. It is commonly used to iterate over sequences like vectors, lists, or data frames. Here's an example:


```
R`for (i in 1:5) {
print(i)
}`
```
* while loop:
The while loop repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a condition remains true. It is useful when the number of iterations is uncertain. Here's an example:


```
R`i <- 1
while (i <= 5) {
print(i)
i <- i + 1
}`
```
* repeat loop:
The repeat loop executes a block of code indefinitely until a break statement is encountered or a specific condition is met. It is useful when you need to repeatedly execute a block of code until a desired outcome is achieved. Here's an example:


```
R`i <- 1
repeat {
print(i)
i <- i + 1
if (i > 5) {
break
}
}`
```

Control structures are powerful tools for controlling program flow and making decisions based on conditions. They allow you to write flexible and efficient code that can handle different scenarios and automate repetitive tasks. By leveraging conditional statements and loops, you can create dynamic and interactive programs in R.