Discuss the concept of object-oriented programming in Ruby and explain how classes and objects are used.

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes code into objects, which are instances of classes. Ruby is a fully object-oriented programming language, and it embraces the principles of OOP. In Ruby, a class serves as a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines the properties and behaviors that objects of that class will possess. Classes encapsulate data and methods, allowing for modularity, reusability, and abstraction in code. To define a class in Ruby, you use the `class` keyword followed by the class name. Here's an example of a simple class called `Person`: ``` ruby`class Person # Class code goes here end` ``` Within a class, you can define instance variables to hold the state or attributes of objects. These variables are prefixed with the `@` symbol and can be accessed and modified by the methods defined in the class. For example, we can define the `name` inst....