Explain the concept of ownership and borrowing in Rust. How does it contribute to memory safety?

In Rust, ownership and borrowing are fundamental concepts that contribute to memory safety by enforcing strict rules for managing memory and preventing common memory-related bugs such as dangling pointers, data races, and memory leaks. Ownership in Rust revolves around the idea that each piece of data has a unique owner at any given time. Ownership is transferred between variables, and when a variable goes out of scope, the owned data is automatically freed. This approach eliminates the need for manual memory deallocation and ensures that memory resources are properly managed without relying on garbage collection. When a value is assigned to a new variable or passed as a function argument, ownership is transferred from the source to the destination. This transfer prevents multiple variables from accessing the same memory simultaneously, avoiding issues li....