How does pattern matching work in Scala? Provide an example.

Pattern matching is a powerful feature in Scala that allows developers to destructure complex data structures and match them against patterns, enabling concise and expressive code. Pattern matching in Scala works by comparing the structure of a given expression against a set of patterns and executing the corresponding code block based on the matched pattern. It is similar to the switch statement in other languages but provides much more flexibility and expressive power. Here's how pattern matching works in Scala: 1. Syntax: The syntax for pattern matching in Scala is as follows: ``` javascript`expression match { case pattern1 => code1 case pattern2 => code2 ... case patternN => codeN }` ``` The `expression` is evaluated, and its structure is compared against each `pattern` until a match is found. Once a match is found, the corresponding `code` block is executed. 2. Matching Patterns: Patterns can take various forms, including: * Liter....