What specific type of health outcome is most directly correlated with increased ground-level ozone resulting from climate change?

The specific type of health outcome most directly correlated with increased ground-level ozone resulting from climate change is respiratory illness, particularly exacerbation of asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases. Ground-level ozone, also known as tropospheric ozone, is a pollutant formed when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight. Climate change can increase ground-level ozone concentrations by increasing temperatures and altering weather patterns, which can enhance the photochemical reactions that produce ozone. Ozone is a strong oxidant and irritant that can damage the respiratory system. When inhaled, ozone can inflame and irritate the airways, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. People with pre-existing respiratory conditions, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are particularly vulnerable to the effects of ozone exposure. Increased ozone levels can trigger asthma attacks and worsen COPD symptoms, leading to increased hospitalizations and emergency room visits. Children, the elderly, and people who are active outdoors are also at higher risk of experiencing adverse health effects from ozone exposure. While ozone can also have other health effects, such as cardiovascular problems, the most direct and well-established link is with respiratory illness.