What is the fundamental difference between pre-combustion and post-combustion carbon capture technologies?

The fundamental difference between pre-combustion and post-combustion carbon capture technologies lies in where the carbon dioxide (CO2) is captured in relation to the fuel combustion process. Carbon capture technologies aim to remove CO2 emissions from power plants and industrial facilities to prevent them from entering the atmosphere. Pre-combustion capture involves removing CO2 *beforethe fuel is burned. This typically involves reacting the fuel (e.g., coal or natural gas) with steam or oxygen to produce a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and CO2, a process called gasification or reforming. The CO2 is then separated from the H2, and the H2 is used as a clean-burning fuel to generate electricity. Post-combustion capture, on the other hand, involves removing CO2 *afterthe fuel is burned. In this approach, the CO2 is captured from the flue gas, which is the mixture of gases released from the combustion process. The flue gas typically contains CO2, nitrogen, water vapor, and other pollutants. The CO2 is separated from the other gases using various techniques, such as absorption with chemical solvents. Therefore, the key distinction is that pre-combustion capture removes CO2 before combustion by converting the fuel into hydrogen and CO2, while post-combustion capture removes CO2 from the flue gas after combustion.