In conflict escalation, what is the primary characteristic differentiating a 'crisis' stage from earlier stages?

The primary characteristic differentiating the 'crisis' stage from earlier stages in conflict escalation is the dominance of destructive behavior and the near or complete breakdown of communication and rational problem-solving. Conflict escalation describes the process by which a conflict intensifies over time. In earlier stages, there may be disagreements, misunderstandings, or even heated arguments, but communication channels remain somewhat open, and parties might still be willing to negotiate or compromise. However, in the crisis stage, the focus shifts from achieving goals or protecting interests to harming, neutralizing, or even destroying the opponent. Communication becomes hostile, distorted, or ceases altogether, replaced by threats, ultimatums, and often, violence. Rational thinking is impaired by strong emotions such as anger, fear, and hatred, making it extremely difficult to de-escalate the conflict or find mutually acceptable solutions. For example, in a business dispute, the crisis stage might involve public smear campaigns, legal battles aimed at crippling the opponent, and personal attacks, rather than attempts to find a business-oriented compromise.