Describe the risks and mitigation strategies associated with operating construction equipment near underground utilities.

Operating construction equipment near underground utilities presents several significant risks. Striking an underground utility line can result in serious injuries, property damage, service disruptions, and environmental hazards. Contacting an underground electrical line can cause electrocution, fires, and explosions. Rupturing an underground natural gas line can cause explosions and fires, resulting in injuries, property damage, and service disruptions. Damaging an underground water line can cause flooding, property damage, and water service disruptions. Cutting an underground communication line can disrupt telephone, internet, and cable television service. Mitigation strategies to reduce these risks include the following. First, always call 811 before digging. 811 is the national "Call Before You Dig" number. Calling 811 notifies the local utility companies, who will then mark the approximate location of their underground lines. Second, review utility locate markings carefully. The markings are typically color-coded to indicate the type of utility (e.g., red for electrical, yellow for gas, blue for water). Third, use safe digging practices. Hand-dig within the tolerance zone, which is typically 18-24 inches on either side of the marked utility line. This prevents damage to the utility line. Fourth, visually inspect for exposed utilities. Look for signs of underground utilities, such as valve boxes, manholes, and above-ground markers. Fifth, use ground-penetrating radar (GPR). GPR can be used to detect underground utilities that may not be marked. Sixth, train equipment operators. Ensure that equipment operators are properly trained on the hazards of working near underground utilities and the appropriate safety procedures. Seventh, have a contingency plan. Develop a plan for what to do in the event that an underground utility is struck. For example, if digging near marked gas line, carefully hand expose the line. This ensures knowing the exact location. Therefore, following these procedures will improve safety and prevents damage to underground lines.