Which data privacy regulation requires organizations to implement data protection impact assessments (DPIAs) before processing high-risk data?

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires organizations to implement data protection impact assessments (DPIAs) before processing high-risk data. A DPIA is a process designed to identify and assess the potential risks to individuals' privacy that may arise from the processing of their personal data. GDPR mandates that a DPIA be conducted when the processing is likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons. This typically includes processing involving new technologies, large-scale processing of sensitive data, systematic monitoring of public areas, and profiling that leads to decisions with legal or similarly significant effects. The DPIA must describe the nature, scope, context, and purposes of the processing, assess the necessity and proportionality of the processing, identify and assess the risks to individuals, and identify measures to mitigate those risks. The results of the DPIA must be documented and used to inform the organization's data protection policies and procedures. GDPR requires organizations to consult with their data protection officer (DPO), if they have one, when conducting a DPIA. The GDPR aims to ensure that organizations carefully consider the privacy implications of their data processing activities and take appropriate measures to protect individuals' personal data.