Describe the role of a communication network in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for real-time data acquisition and control.

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) relies on a robust communication network to enable real-time data acquisition and control of smart meters and other grid devices. The communication network acts as the backbone for transmitting data between the smart meters at customer premises and the utility's central systems. This network enables the utility to remotely collect meter readings, monitor voltage levels, detect outages, and implement demand response programs. The communication network also allows the utility to remotely configure and control smart meters, such as changing meter settings, disconnecting or reconnecting service, and implementing time-of-use rates. Real-time data acquisition is a key function. The communication network allows the utility to collect meter readings at frequent intervals, typically every 15 minutes or less. This provides a detailed picture of electricity consumption patterns, enabling more accurate load forecasting and grid management. The communication network also supports real-time monitoring of voltage levels at customer premises. This allows the utility to detect voltage sags or swells and take corrective action to maintain voltage within acceptable limits. Outage detection is also facilitated by the communication network. Smart meters can automatically report outages to the utility, allowing for faster outage response and restoration. The communication network can use various technologies, such as radio frequency (RF) mesh, cellular, or power line carrier (PLC), depending on the specific requirements of the utility and the characteristics of the service area. The communication network must also be secure to protect against unauthorized access and cyberattacks.