Describe the process for testing the turns ratio of a three-phase transformer using a turns ratio meter (TTR).

A Turns Ratio Meter (TTR) is used to accurately measure the turns ratio of a transformer, which is the ratio of the number of turns in the high-voltage winding to the number of turns in the low-voltage winding. This test verifies the transformer's internal connections and helps detect shorted turns or other winding faults. Before beginning, de-energize the three-phase transformer and disconnect it from the power system. Apply Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) procedures to ensure safety. Identify the high-voltage (H1, H2, H3) and low-voltage (X1, X2, X3) terminals of the transformer. Connect the TTR leads to the corresponding terminals, ensuring proper polarity. Most TTRs have separate sets of leads for the high-voltage and low-voltage sides. Select the appropriate voltage range on the TTR, if adjustable. Input the transformer's nameplate voltage ratings into the TTR, if required by the instrument. Initiate the test sequence. The TTR will apply a low-voltage signal to one winding (typically the high-voltage winding) and measure the induced voltage on the other winding. The TTR then calculates and displays the turns ratio for each phase (H1-X1, H2-X2, H3-X3). Compare the measured turns ratio to the nameplate value for each phase. The measured values should be within the tolerance specified by the manufacturer (typically within ±0.5%). If any phase deviates significantly from the expected value, it indicates a potential problem, such as shorted turns or an incorrect winding connection. Repeat the test on all tap positions of the transformer, if applicable, to verify the turns ratio at each tap. Document all test results and compare them to previous measurements to identify any trends or changes in the transformer's condition.