Explain the Derating factor applied to overhead conductors based on environmental conditions affects the conductor's ampacity?

Ampacity refers to the maximum amount of electrical current a conductor can carry continuously without exceeding its temperature rating. Overhead conductors heat up due to the electrical current flowing through them. Environmental conditions play a crucial role in how effectively this heat is dissipated. The derating factor is a multiplier (less than 1) applied to the conductor's base ampacity to account for these adverse environmental conditions. Higher ambient temperatures reduce the conductor's ability to dissipate heat, thus a higher ambient temperature results in a lower derating factor, meaning the conductor can carry less current. Solar radiation also heats the conductor directly. Higher solar radiation means a lower derating factor. Wind speed assists in convective cooling of the conductor. Lower wind speeds reduce cooling, resulting in a lower derating factor. Altitude affects air density, which in turn affects convective cooling. Higher altitudes typically result in lower air density and a lower derating factor. The overall effect is that adverse environmental conditions reduce the conductor's ability to dissipate heat effectively, requiring the application of a derating factor that reduces the conductor's allowable ampacity to prevent overheating and potential damage or failure.