A town teaches its citizens how to build emergency kits. Is this a mitigation activity or a preparedness activity, and what is the key difference that puts it in that category?

A town teaching its citizens how to build emergency kits is a preparedness activity. Preparedness refers to actions taken *beforea disaster occurs to ensure individuals, communities, and organizations are ready to respond effectively *duringand *immediately afteran event. The primary goal of preparedness is to improve the capacity to cope with the impacts of a hazard, minimize loss of life, injury, and property damage, and facilitate a quick and efficient recovery. Building an emergency kit directly supports this by equipping citizens with essential supplies and resources to sustain themselves when external assistance may be delayed or unavailable. For example, a kit containing water, non-perishable food, and a flashlight allows a family to manage immediate needs during a power outage or while isolated after a storm. This activity does not prevent the disaster from happening nor does it reduce the physical force of the hazard itself; rather, it makes people resilient and able to effectively respond to the hazard's effects. Mitigation, conversely, refers to actions taken to reduce or eliminate the *long-term riskto human life and property from hazards. Its goal is to prevent a hazard from becoming a disaster or to lessen the *severityof its impact. Mitigation activities are implemented *beforea disaster occurs and are focused on making communities more resistant to the physical effects of hazards. For instance, mitigation would involve enforcing stringent building codes to make structures more resilient to earthquakes, constructing levees to prevent river flooding, or acquiring properties in floodplains to create open spaces. These actions directly reduce the physical damage or the likelihood of the hazard causing harm. The key difference that puts teaching citizens to build emergency kits into the preparedness category is its focus on enhancing the *ability to respond to and cope with the effects of a hazardonce it occurs, rather than reducing the *hazard's impact or likelihooditself. Building an emergency kit ensures readiness to endure the consequences of an event, which is the definition of preparedness, while mitigation fundamentally alters the risk environment to lessen the potential for harm from the hazard.