How does 'in-group bias' act as a barrier to displaying empathy?

In-group bias acts as a barrier to displaying empathy because it predisposes individuals to favor and show preferential treatment towards members of their own group, while simultaneously creating a psychological distance from those perceived as 'outsiders.' This bias leads to an overestimation of the positive qualities and experiences of in-group members and a potential underestimation or disregard for the experiences and emotions of out-group members. For example, someone might be more inclined to readily empathize with a colleague who shares their cultural background, immediately understanding their challenges, compared to a colleague from a different background whose struggles might be dismissed or misunderstood due to a lack of immediate connection or understanding. This reduced ability or willingness to understand and share the feelings of those outside one's immediate circle directly hinders empathic responses.