Which material is commonly used as a phase change material (PCM) in thermal management systems?

Paraffin wax is a commonly used phase change material (PCM) in thermal management systems for energy storage due to its high latent heat of fusion, relatively low cost, and non-corrosive properties. PCMs absorb or release heat as they undergo a phase transition, typically from solid to liquid (melting) or liquid to solid (freezing), at a specific temperature. Paraffin wax melts at a temperature range suitable for many battery applications, absorbing a significant amount of heat as it changes phase, which helps to maintain the battery within its optimal temperature range. Other PCMs, such as salt hydrates and organic compounds, are also used, but paraffin wax is often preferred for its balance of performance, cost, and safety. The PCM is typically integrated into the thermal management system in close proximity to the battery cells to effectively absorb and dissipate heat. The selection of the specific PCM depends on the desired operating temperature range and the heat load of the application.