What impact does self-discharge have on the suitability of a battery for long-term backup power applications?

Self-discharge significantly reduces the suitability of a battery for long-term backup power applications because it causes the battery to gradually lose its stored energy even when it is not connected to a load. Self-discharge is an internal process within the battery where chemical reactions occur that slowly deplete the charge. The rate of self-discharge varies depending on the battery chemistry, temperature, and manufacturing quality. For long-term backup power applications, where the battery may sit idle for extended periods before being needed, a high self-discharge rate is undesirable because the battery may be significantly depleted or fully discharged when a power outage occurs. Batteries with low self-discharge rates, such as lithium-ion batteries, are more suitable for long-term backup power applications because they can retain their charge for longer periods. Even with low self-discharge, periodic maintenance charging is typically required to ensure that the battery is fully charged and ready to provide backup power when needed.