What is the practical implication of not properly defining the spatial and temporal boundaries during the scoping phase?

The practical implication of not properly defining the spatial and temporal boundaries during the scoping phase of an EIA is that the assessment may fail to adequately identify and evaluate all significant environmental impacts. Spatial boundaries define the geographic area that will be included in the assessment, while temporal boundaries define the time period that will be considered. If the spatial boundaries are too narrow, the EIA may overlook impacts that occur outside the immediate project area, such as downstream effects on water quality or habitat fragmentation in adjacent ecosystems. If the temporal boundaries are too short, the EIA may fail to consider long-term or cumulative impacts that may not be immediately apparent, such as the gradual accumulation of pollutants in the environment or the long-term effects of climate change. For example, if the spatial boundary for an assessment of a mining project does not extend far enough downstream, the EIA may underestimate the impacts of heavy metals on aquatic ecosystems. Similarly, if the temporal boundary is limited to the construction phase, the EIA may fail to consider the long-term impacts of acid mine drainage after the mine is closed. This incomplete assessment can lead to inadequate mitigation measures and ultimately result in greater environmental damage.